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thumbnail 網評》吳景欽:消費訴訟不應在保護企業經營者
Oct 26th 2013, 05:44, by service.nownews@gmail.com (nownews)

2013年10月26日 13:44

"); $(".story_photo .videoPlay").hover ( function(){$(this).css({"opacity":"0"})}, function(){$(this).css({"opacity":"1"})} ) } //照片區塊出現 $(".story_photo").fadeIn(1000); //寫入第一張照片 var firstimg = $(".story_photo img:first").attr("rel"); $(".story_photo img:first").attr("src",firstimg); $(".story_photo li:not(:first)").hide(); //判斷是否有多張照片,寫入開關 var li_nums = $(".story_photo li").length; var openclose = ' 更多照片 ' if (li_nums > 1) { $(".story_photo .p_switcher").append(openclose); } //控制錨點 if (li_nums > 1) { $('.open_btn, .story_photo img').click(function(){ $('.news_story').ScrollTo(500); }); $('.close_btn, .story_photo img').click(function(){ $('.news_story').ScrollTo(500); }); } else { $(".story_photo img").css("cursor","none").attr("title","");//一張圖時 $(".p_switcher").hide(); } //點擊圖片或開關,展開其他圖片 $("a.open_close").click(function(){ //寫入其他圖片路徑 $(".story_photo img:not(:first)").each(function(){ var imgsrc = $(this).attr("rel"); $(this).attr("src",imgsrc); }); $(".story_photo li:not(:first)").slideToggle(500); $(".open_close span").toggle(); }); if (video_link>0){ // 如果有影音,點圖連到影音頁 $(".story_photo img, .story_photo .videoPlay").css("cursor","pointer").attr("title","點擊觀看影音新聞");//設定游標 $(".story_photo img, .story_photo .videoPlay").click(function(){ var videoURL = $(".story_photo .video_link a").attr("href"); location.href=videoURL; }); } else { //沒影音時,點圖展開其它圖 if (li_nums > 1) {//一張圖以上 $(".story_photo img").css("cursor","pointer").attr("title","點擊展開");//設定游標 } $(".story_photo img").click(function(){ //寫入其他圖片路徑 $(".story_photo img:not(:first)").each(function(){ var imgsrc = $(this).attr("rel"); $(this).attr("src",imgsrc); }); $(".story_photo li:not(:first)").slideToggle(500); $(".open_close span").toggle(); }); } //------------------- });
  • 根據國防部統計,國軍部隊及單位102年向副食供應站採購的大統沙拉油計6萬8000餘桶,葵花油1700餘桶,合計約115萬公斤。(圖:中央社)

文/吳景欽

大統油品摻假事件再度引起社會恐慌,主管機關未能嚴格把關,已讓台灣的食品安全拉警報,若再考量事後求償的困難,如塑化劑風暴,消基會替消費者向廠商求償25億的賠償金,第一審卻僅判賠120萬,恐更使問題雪上加霜。

依《民法》第184條第1項,欲請求侵權行為的損害賠償,須證明行為人有故意或過失的不法侵害,始足當之。只是所謂故意或過失,乃存在於人之內心,如何證明,實有困難,尤其若造成侵害者為大型企業體,關於此等主觀,恐更難為認定。為了消除如此的困境,《消費者保護法》第7條第1項即規定,只要從事生產、製造商品之企業經營者,對於其所提供之商品,若未能確保符合當時科技或專業水準可合理期待之安全性,因此所造成的損害,即便無故意或過失,亦應負損害賠償責任,此即為商品製造者與企業經營者的無過失責任。

又類似塑化劑所引起的食品傷害場合,由於被害者眾,若個別向廠商為求償,不僅曠日廢時,更會陷入小蝦米對大鯨魚的困境。為了解決此困難,《消費者保護法》第49條第1項,才沿襲德國法制規定有,因同一原因所造成的消費者被害,若有超過二十人者,就得將其訴訟權限移轉給消費者保護團體,既可調整消費者與企業體的地位差,更可降低消費大眾不願進入訴訟的障礙。

惟就算現行法已對消費大眾採取一定的訴訟保障,且在塑化劑風暴裡,亦由消基會替消費者向廠商提起團體訴訟,但由於民事訴訟乃採處分權主義,就證據調查而言,須由當事人為舉證,法院原則上不能為職權調查。也因此,原告雖因消保法採無過失責任,致無庸舉證企業經營者有無過失,卻仍須為因果關係之證明。而由於法庭上的證明,不能基於一種臆測,故即便塑化劑不得成為食品添加物乃為常識,但是否會因此造成身體的損害及受害程度為何,仍須受專業的檢驗。若原告方無法提出確切的醫學報告為證明,法院基於中立第三者的角色,自無從判定此等的因果關係存在,致暴露出「舉證所在、敗訴所在」的窘境。 (接下一頁)

關鍵字: 消費 黑心 廠商 塑化劑 訴訟

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